Diabetic Medications
The following lists were prepared as references only, and were complete at
the time of compilation. Always check with your doctor or pharmacist for further
details, or consult some of the internet sources in our
Resources Section. Some drugs are
marketed under different Brand Names in different countries.
Medications Used to LOWER
Blood Glucose
|
Biguanides |
Mechanism of Action:
decrease hepatic glucose production (glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis),
decrease carbohydrate absorption in the gut, increase central and
peripheral insulin sensitivity |
| |
Generic Name |
Brand Name |
Dosage (min-max) |
| |
Metformin HCl |
Glucophage |
500-2550mg/day |
|
|
|
Thiozolidinediones |
Mechanism of Action:
increase central and peripheral
insulin sensitivity
|
| |
Generic Name |
Brand Name |
Dosage (min/max) |
| |
Pioglitizone |
Actos |
15-45mg/day |
| |
Rosiglitizone |
Avandia |
4-8mg/day |
| |
|
|
|
|
Sulfonylureas |
Mechanism of Action:
stimulate increased insulin
production
|
| |
Generic Name |
Brand Name |
Dosage (min/max) |
| |
Chlorpropamide |
Diabinese |
100-500mg/day |
| |
Gliclazide |
Diamicron |
80-320mg/day |
| |
Glimepiride |
Amaryl |
1-8mg/day |
| |
Glipizide |
Glucotrol |
2.5-20mg/day |
| |
Glyburide |
Diabeta, Glynase, Micronase |
1.25-20mg/day |
| |
Tolazamide |
Tolinase |
100-250mg/day |
| |
Tolbutamide |
Orinase |
1000-3000mg/day |
| |
|
|
|
|
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors |
Mechanism of Action:
interferes with carbohydrate
absorption in the gut
|
| |
Generic Name |
Brand Name |
Dosage (min/max) |
| |
acarbose |
Precose |
50-100mg 3x/day |
| |
miglitol |
Glyset |
25-100mg 3x/day |
| |
|
|
|
|
Meglitinides |
Mechanism of Action:
stimulate increased insulin
production of short duration
|
| |
Generic Name |
Brand Name |
Dosage (min/max) |
| |
replaglinide |
Prandin |
0.5-4mg 3x/day |
| |
nateglinide |
Starlix |
60-120mg 3x/day |
| |
|
|
|
|
Insulin |
Mechanism of Action:
injected to replace or supplement
natural insulin
|
| |
Generic Name |
Brand Name |
Onset/Duration |
|
Analogs |
insulin aspart |
Novolog, NovoRapid |
Very fast |
| |
insulin lispro |
Humalog |
Very fast |
| |
insulin glulisine |
Apidra |
Very fast |
| |
insulin glargine |
Lantus |
Very slow |
| |
insulin detemir |
Levemir |
Very slow |
|
Human (rDNA) |
insulin |
Humulin, Iletin, Novolin, Velosulin |
|
| |
|
Regular, Actrapid |
Fast |
| |
|
NPH(N), Insultard |
Intermediate |
| |
|
Lente (L) |
Intermediate (being
discontinued) |
| |
|
UltraLente(U) |
Slow (being discontinued) |
| |
|
Exubera |
Inhaled Insulin |
|
Pre-mixes |
|
70/30,50/50,75/25 |
fast and intermediate |
|
Combo Orals |
Mechanism of Action: attempt to provide "convenience" of two
drugs in one pill
|
| |
Generic Name |
Brand Name |
Dosage (min/max) |
| |
Avandia/Metformin |
Avandamet |
500 - 4/2000-8 |
| |
Metformin/Glyburide |
Glucovance/Avandaryl |
250-1.25/2000-20 |
| |
Metformin/glipizide |
Metaglip |
250-2.5/2000-20 |
|
Miscellaneous |
Generic Name |
Brand Name |
Dosage (min/max) |
| |
Amylin |
Symlin |
15ug-120ug |
| |
Extenatide |
Byetta |
5ug-10ug |
| |
sitagliptin phosphate |
Januvia |
25-100mg |
| |
|
|
|
Medications Known To RAISE
Blood Glucose
|
|
| |
Generic Name |
Brand Name |
Common Uses |
| |
Aminophylline |
|
bronchospasm |
| |
Amprenavir |
|
protease inhibitor |
| |
Alpha-interferon |
|
immunomodulator |
| |
Asparaginase |
Elspar |
Cancer therapy |
| |
Beta-agonists |
|
Beta-blockers |
| |
Caffeine |
|
coffee |
| |
Chlorpromazine |
Thorazine |
anti-psychotic/emetic |
| |
Calcitonin |
Calcimar |
osteoporosis |
| |
Corticosteroids |
|
inflammation |
| |
Cyclophosphamide |
Cytoxan |
Chemotherapy |
| |
Diltiazem |
Cardizem |
Calcium Channel Blocker |
| |
Diazoxide |
Hyperstat |
hypertension |
| |
Didanosine |
Videx |
HIV |
| |
Estrogens |
many |
birth control, replacement |
| |
Ethacrynic acid |
Edecrin |
diuretic (water pill) |
| |
Furosemide |
Lasix |
diuretic (water pill) |
| |
Haloperidol |
Haldol |
psychosis |
| |
Indinavir |
Crixivan |
HIV |
| |
Indomethacin |
Indocin |
NSAID |
| |
Isoniazid |
|
Tuberculosis |
| |
Levodopa |
|
Parkinsonism |
| |
Lithium |
Eskalith |
Bi-polar Disorder |
| |
Marijuana |
|
|
| |
Morphine |
MSContin |
opiate pain relief |
| |
Methyldopa |
|
blood pressure, alpha-agonist |
| |
megestrol acetate |
Megace |
Breast Cancer |
| |
Nelfinavir |
Viracept |
HIV |
| |
Nicotine |
|
cigarettes, withdrawal |
| |
Oral contraceptives |
many |
pregnancy prevention |
| |
Phenothiazines |
|
psychotic disorders |
| |
Phenytoin |
Dilantin |
seizure disorders |
| |
Pentamidine |
Pentam |
PCP |
| |
Ritonavir |
Norvir |
HIV |
| |
Saquinavir |
Fortovase |
HIV |
| |
SSRIs |
many |
depression |
| |
Sympathomimetics |
|
block sympathetic nervous system |
| |
Theophylline |
Theo-Dur |
asthma |
| |
Thiazides |
HCTZ |
diuretic (water pills) |
| |
Thyroxine |
|
T4 thyroid |
| |
|
|
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| |
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| |
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References: O'Byrne S, Feely J: Effects of drugs on
glucose tolerance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (parts I and II). Drugs
40:203219, 1990 ; Pandit MK, Burke J, Gustafson AB, Minocha A, Peiris AN:
Drug-induced disorders of glucose tolerance. Ann Int Med 118:529540, 1993 ;
Package Inserts ;
http://www.ijp-online.com/archives/1994/026/03/r0169-0178re.pdf
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